Chapter 16 Terms
Joseph Stalin-Russian leader who preached a model communist state
totalitarian-characteristic of a political system in which the government exercises complete control over its citizens' lives
Benito Mussolini-an Italian leader who established a totalitarian regime
fascism-a political philosophy that advocates a strong, centralized, nationalistic government headed by a powerful dictator
Adolf Hitler-a German leader who supported Nazism
Nazism-the political philosophy--based on extreme nationalism, racism, and militaristic expansionism--that Adolf Hitler put into practice in Germany from 1933 to 1945
Francisco Franco-a Spanish general who led a revolt against the Spanish republic
Neutrality Acts-a series of laws enacted in 1935 and 1936 to prevent U.S. arms sales and loans to nations at war
Neville Chamberlain-British prime minister
Winston Churchill-Chamberlain's political rival in Great Britain
appeasement-the granting of concessions to a hostile power in order to keep the peace
nonaggression pact-an agreement in which two nations promise not to go to war with each other
blitzkreig-from the German word meaning "lightning war," a sudden, massive attack with combined air and ground forces, intended to acheive a quick victory
Holocaust-the systematic murder of Jews and other groups in Europe by the Nazis before and during World War II
Kristallnacht-"night of broken glass," a name given to the night of November 9, 1938, when gangs of Nazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues in Germany
genocide-the deliberate and systematic extermination of a particular racial, national, or religious group
ghetto-a city neighborhood in which a certain minority group is pressured or forced to live
concentration camp-a prison camp operated by Nazi Germany in which Jews and other groups considered to be enemies of Adolf Hitler were starved while doing slave labor or were murdered
Charles de Gaulle-a French general who fled to England, where he set up a government-in-exile
Axis powers-the group of nations--including Germany, Italy and Japan--that opposed the Allies in World War II
Lend-Lease Act-a law passed in 1941, that alllowed the United States to ship arms and other supplies, without immediate payment, to nations fighting against the Axis powers
Atlantic Charter-declaration of principles in which the United States and Great Britain set forth their goals in opposing the Axis powers
Allies-the group of nations--including Great Britain, the Soviet Union and the United States--that opposed the Axis powers
Hideki Tojo-the chief of staff of Japan's Kwantung Army
Chapter 17 Terms
George Marshall-Army Chief of Staff General who pushed for the formation of the WAAC
Women's Auxilliary Army Corp (WAAC)-a U.S. army unit created during World War II to enable women to serve in noncombat positions
A. Phillip Randolph-president and founder of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and the nation's most respected African-American labor leader
Manhattan Project-the U.S. program to develop an atomic bomb for use in World War II
Office of Price Adminstration (OPA)-an agency established by Congress to control inflation during World War II
War Production Board (WPB)-an agency established during World War II to coordintae the production of military supplies by U.S. industries
rationing-a restriction of people's rights to buy unlimited amounts of particular foods and other goods, often implemented during wartime to ensure adequate supplies for the military
Dwight D. Eisenhower-American General who commanded Operation Torch
D-Day-a name given to June 6, 1944--the day on which the Allies launched an invasion of the European mainland during World War II
Omar Bradley-a U.S. general who contributed during D-Day
George Patton-a U.S. general who helped liberate the French
Battle of the Bulge-a month-long battle of World War II, in which the Allies succeeded in turning back the last major German offensive of the war
V-E Day-a name given to May 8, 1945, "Victory in Europe Day" on which General Eisehower's acceptance of the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany marked the end of World War II in Europe
Harry S. Truman-vice president of Franklin D. Roosevelt, and then became president following Roosevelt's death
Douglas MacArthur-U.S. general who commanded Allid forces in the Philippines
Chester Nimitz-the commander of American naval forces in the Pacific
Battle of Midway-a World War II battle that took place in early June 1942. The Allies decimated the Japanese fleet at Midway, an island lying northwest of Hawaii. The Allies then took the offensive in the Pacific and began to move closer to Japan.
kamikaze-involving or engaging in the deliberate crashing of a bomb-filled airplane into a military target
J. Robert Oppenheimer-an American scientist who helped develop the atomic bomb
Hiroshima-an important Japanes military center where the first atomic bomb was dropped
Nagasaki-a Japanese city that was the second site of an atomic bomb dropping
Nuremberg trials-the court proceedings held in Nuremberg, Germany, after World War II, in which the Nazi leaders were tried for war crimes
GI Bill of Rights-a name given to the Servicemen's Readjustment Act, a 1944 law that provided financial and educational benefits for World War II veterans
James Farmer-founder of the Congress of Racial Equality
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)-an interracial group founded in 1942 by James Farmer to work against segregation in Norther cities
internment-confinement or restriction in movement, especially under wartime conditions
Japanese American Citizens League (JACL)-an organization that pushed the U.S. government to compensate Japanese Americans for property they had lost when they were interned during World War II
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